Lesson+Plan+2+-+Symbiotic+Relationships

** Grade level: **9-10  ** Concept covered in activity: **Symbiotic relationships in oceanic environments  ** Colorado State Science Standards (2010) ** -Standard 2: Life Science  2.d Examine, evaluate, question, and ethically use information from a variety of sources and media to investigate ecosystem interactions   ** Learning Objectives: **Students will be able to…  ** Focus Question: **Brainstorm three different types of interactions between species that you can think of in your environment. Describe these relationships and how they affect each species involved. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Materials: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Teacher Preparation for Lesson: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Procedure/activity: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Have 2-3 students describe the different relationships that they wrote down, and write down their examples on the board, outlining which species benefitted, was hurt, or how they were affected in each relationship. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Be sure to emphasize the fact that these relationships are between different species, not within the same type of species <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Define ** // symbiosis // ** for the class: // a long term interaction between different species that interact in close proximity // || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Put the different types of relationships into a table, and have the students fill in the table with his/her prediction about the relationship <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Table for Class: ||  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Relationship  **  ||  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Species A  **  ||  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Species B  **  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Have student explain their answers, and provide the correct answers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Explain the activity to the class: students will be watching various clips about symbiotic relationships between different ocean species. Before watching the clips, student should make a prediction about what type of relationship each pair of species will exhibit on their worksheet. After watching each clip, student will check their predictions with the information provided in the video segments, and then proceed to describe the relationship in a short paragraph. They will do this for each clip shown. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-After providing instructions, show the first clip to the class (shark/turtle clip) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-After showing the clip, have the class identify the interaction (// predation //), and fill in the information on their worksheet. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Do this for each of the clips showing the different interactions outlined, stopping in between each clip to work on the student organizer <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Hand out // H. hebetor // background sheet ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-have students take notes on the wasp much like they had previously done with the // P. interpunctella // background sheet <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-make sure student focus on the life cycle and diet of the wasp <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-have students specifically define // parasitoid //and // ectoparasitoid // in their notes || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-// Now that you have learned about the different types of symbiotic relationships, choose one of the relationships (between two species) and discuss how this relationship may affect a third species with that same environment. Be sure to say why and in what way this symbiotic relationship affects the third species. //  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Collect the student organizer and the Ticket Out the Door assignment from the students before the end of the class, and grade for completion and understanding  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Anticipated misconceptions/alternative conceptions: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Resources: ** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** Ecological Relationships **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Title of Activity: Symbiotic Relationships **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Define and describe the possible ecological relationships between species that coexist in an environment
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Describe the ecological impacts of different symbiotic relationships
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Describe the different types of symbiotic relationships with specific examples
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Ecological Relationships Student Organizer handout (1 per student)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Computer with internet access and projector to show videos during class
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">H. hebetor //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> background handout (class set)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Have website and videos pre-loaded before class starts to minimize transition time
 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Engage ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Have student answer the focus question in their note books.
 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Explore ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Engage class in a discussion about what types of relationships exist, and write out a list on the board (ex: Species A eats Species B; Species A helps Species B)
 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Explain ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Discuss the different types of relationships that exist, and provide names for the relationships (// mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, predation, competition //)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Mutualism  ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">+   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">+   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Parasitism  ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">+   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">-   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Commensalism  ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">+   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">0   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Predation  ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">+   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">-   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Competition  ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">-   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">-   ||
 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Elaborate ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Hand out the Ecological Relationships Student Organizer to the class
 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Elaborate ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">-Hand out the Ecological Relationships Student Organizer to the class
 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Evaluate ** || ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Ticket Out the Door  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">: Students should answer this question on a separate sheet of paper and hand it in before they leave the class for that day.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">That the predation is the main type of symbiosis
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">That symbiotic relationships do not have effects on other species (tritrophic relationships)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; 0in margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">PBS Website: <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[]

(predation, competition, commensalism, mutualism, parasitism) ||  **Actual Ecological Relationship** (name and describe) || **Tiger Shark/ Loggerhead Turtle** || || || **Shark/Jack** || || || **Shark/Mackerel** || || || **Shark/Shark Suckerfish** || || || **Hammerhead Shark/Barberfish** || || || **Shark/Fishermen** || || ||
 * **Interacting Species Pair** ||  **Ecological Relationship Prediction**
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** // Habrobracon hebetor // **** Background ** // Habrobracon hebetor // is a parasitic wasp that primarily targets grain-feeding moths. The wasp has a life-cycle, on average, of 10-13 days at 30˚ C (86˚ F) from the point the eggs are deposited in a host until the time it emerges as an adult, and adult females survive for an average of 23 days in optimal conditions. H//. hebetor // are primary parasites for multiple species in the Lepidoptera order of insects such as the grain-feeding moths, // Plodia interpunctella //and// Ephestia cautella // (Benson, 1973). // H. Hebetor // is a parasitoid, which is defined as an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism which it ultimately kills (and often consumes) in the process (Taylor, 1988). // H. hebetor // is an ectoparasitoid, which deposits eggs on the exterior of its insect host. The eggs hatch and the larvae develop by feeding on the host's body fluids until they pupate. The pupae complete their development and eclose as adults. // H. hebetor // prefer to attack the last (fifth) instar larval hosts. To parasitize the larvae, the female // H. Hebetor // first injects venom into the host larva with its ovipositor. The venom induces a complete paralysis of the host within fifteen minutes of injection. The female wasp will then host-feed off of the paralyzed larva, then proceeds to lay eggs on the host (Benson, 1973). The host's overall size and health, the encounter rate with suitable host larvae and the physiological state of the female wasp have all been shown to play a central role in the host selection in // H. hebetor // (Hagstrum & Smittle, 1978). The number of eggs the female lays varies greatly depending on how suitable the female determines the host larvae to be. On average, a healthy female will produce about 100 eggs over her whole life, and will lay about 1-8 eggs per host (Benson, 1973). Benson (1974) indicates that some // H. hebetor //have been shown to lay up to 25 eggs on a single host.